Chinese wolfberry. A shrub 1 m. high, the branches hanging, often spiny. Leaves petiolate, alternate, oval-lanceolate, entire, acute or obtuse. Flowers small, borne singly or clustered in the leaf axils, purple; June-September; calyx campanulate; corolla tube rather long, limb broadly campanulate. deeply 5-lobed, lobes4-5mm. long; stamens 5, exserted. ovary 2-celled. Fruit an ovoid berry, orange-red, 1.5-2.5 cm. Long; August –October. China, Japan. (Syn.L.barbatum L. var. chinense Ait., L. megistocarpum Dun., L. ovatum Loised., L. trewianum G. Don., L. barbatum Thunb., L. turbinatum Loisel .) The fruit and root epidermis are officinal. The taste of the fruit is sweet; of the root epidermis, bitter. The plant contains betaine ( lycine; C5H11NO or 2 ; deliquescent scales prisms; m.p. 293'; one gram dissolves in 160 ml. water, 9 ml. alcohol; sparingly soluble in ether),a polyterpene, physaline, vitamin A. Betaine is nearly inactive by mouth. The fruit is prescribed as nutrient tonic in diabetes mellitus, pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose, 6-10 gm. The root epidermis is considered antipyretic, antitussive in pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose, 5-8 gm.